Chromotubation, also called chromopertubation, is a procedure performed by injecting a blue dye solution into the fallopian tubes as part of the process. This procedure determines if there is any blockage in the fallopian tubes that is causing any hindrance to pregnancy. Although this test is done to understand the causes of failure to conceive, an extensive investigation should be carried out before having this procedure.
Why is chromotubation performed?
A chromotubation procedure is performed to determine the reason for the difficulty in pregnancy during the evaluation infertility. During any blockages in the fallopian tube, the eggs cannot pass from the ovary to the uterus. This in turn prevents the eggs from reaching the sperm, which will not lead to pregnancy. Similarly, if both fallopian tubes are found to be blocked, infertility can be diagnosed.
What happens during chromotubation?
A surgical device equipped with a camera is inserted into the abdominal cavity through a small incision, somewhere below the navel. This helps doctors examine the internal organs – in this case the fallopian tubes. Before the laparoscope is placed, a uterine manipulator, a camera-like device, is placed through the vagina and cervix into the uterus.
A catheter is then used to inject the dye into the uterus, and the fallopian tubes are monitored with a laparoscopic camera to see if the dye spills out of the other end of the tube. There is no blockage if the paint comes out easily from the other end. However, if the color does not come out, it indicates a blockage. This may indicate scarring or endometriosis.
Chromotubation is performed as part of laparoscopy. As with any surgical procedure, it requires anesthesia and involves some risks, which include:
- Abdominal organ injury
- Blood loss
- Nerve damage
- Allergic reactions to anesthesia
- Blood clots
- Scar tissue
For organ separation and clear visibility, gas is injected into the abdomen during surgery. This gas could be one of the most common causes and common consequences of the procedure. Chromotubation may be falsely indicated if the patient has an abdominal injury, any previous complication after surgery, or an allergic reaction to anesthesia.
If laparoscopy with chromotubation is done and a blockage is found, minor treatments and procedures can help with treatment.
Often, surgeons can correct the blockage during laparoscopic surgery. Endometriosis or ties blocking the tubes may be resected. However, this does not necessarily guarantee fertility. Often, damage to ducts that cannot be repaired can be caused by blockages. It could also be due to a blockage resulting from the pressure built up in the duct due to the block. Even if the fallopian tubes are resected at the time of surgery, it may not always work in the long run as the scars could return even after the healing process.
If the surgeon believes that the ducts have internal damage after performing chromotubation, the surgeon may suggest removal because they may never function normally again. Removal of the fallopian tubes does not mean that the patient cannot become pregnant. They will, however, have to submit in vitro fertilization to get pregnant. With the help of VTO, sperm and eggs meet in a petri dish in the laboratory, where the embryo is placed directly into the uterus.
Given that chromotubation is surgical procedure, many patients over the years choose non-invasive and non-surgical methods to fix any blockage. A few options are hysterosalpingogram and sonosalpingography. Both of these procedures take less than 10 minutes and do not require anesthesia or surgery.
A hysterosalpingogram is a procedure that uses contrast that is injected into the uterus before an X-ray. The X-ray reveals whether the contrast is spilling out of the fallopian tubes or not.
Sonosalpingography is where air bubbles are introduced into the uterus. Once this is done, a sonogram is taken to see if the bladder is exiting the fallopian tube or not.
When determining fertility steam by examination, it is necessary to determine whether the fallopian tubes are blocked. There are different ways to do this, and laparoscopy is one of the best ways. In addition to evaluating the fallopian tubes, laparoscopy examines the pelvic organs, which include the uterus, ovaries, and other surrounding organs. Endometriosis and scar tissue are conditions that can be diagnosed by laparoscopy. Laparoscopy with chromotubation determines the cause of infertility and is a diagnostic procedure to determine more information about the fallopian tubes.
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